To broaden and deepen their graduate experience, students may add one or more optional interdisciplinary Ph.D. emphases to their degree. The department currently participates in Ph.D. emphases in Applied Linguistics, Cognitive Science, Human Development, and Language, Interaction, and Social Organization (LISO). In addition, students may earn a Ph.D. emphasis to which linguistics does not currently contribute, with the permission of participating faculty from the contributing departments. The student will receive a letter of completion instead of a notation of the emphasis on the graduate transcript.